Description Unit Remarks
S Nu 3Ö QR Ks mm Upper Stock Diameter  
QR Total rudder torque kN-m    
Ks Material factor for upper stock -    
QR CR r kN-m    
CR rudder force kN    
r c(a - Af/A) m > 0.1c for ahead condition  
c mean breadth of rudder area m
a - Ahead
a 0.66 - Astern
Af Area of rudder blade situated forward
of the centerline of the rudder stock
m2    
CR nKTAV2 kN    
A total projected area of ruder m2
V Vd for the ahead condition but is not to
taken as less than V
min
knots    
V Va for the astern condition but is not to
taken as less than 0.5V
d or 0.5Vmin, whichever is greater
knots    
Vd the design speed with the vessel running
ahead at the maximum continuous rated
shaft rpm and at the summer load line
knots    
Va maximum astern speed knots    
Vmin (Va + 20)/3 knots    
KT 1.463 - Ahead  
KT 1.682 - Ahead behind fixed propeller nozzle  
KT 1.063 - Astern  
KT 1.2 - flat sided rudders Astern  
KT 1.222 - Astern behind fixed propeller nozzle  
KT 1.38 - Flat sided rudders astern behind
fixed propeller nozzle
 
At sum of rudder blade area A and the rudder
post or rudder horn area within the
extension of the rudder profile
m2    
n -
K (ny/Y)e -    
U minumum tensile strength of material used N/mm2
e 1
for Y £ 235 N/mm2
e 0.75
for Y > 235 N/mm2
c mean breadth of rudder area m
  Af Area of rudder blade situated forward
of the centerline of the rudder stock
m2  
  A total projected area of ruder m2  
  Vd the design speed with the vessel running
ahead at the maximum continuous rated
shaft rpm and at the summer load line
knots  
  Va maximum astern speed knots  
  At sum of rudder blade area A and the rudder
post or rudder horn area within the
extension of the rudder profile
m2  
  Y Specified minimum yield strength of the
material, but is not to be taken as greater
than 0.7U or 450 N/mm2, whichever is lesser
N/mm2  
  ny   N/mm2  
  U minimum tensile strength of material used N/mm2  
  ln distance from center of neck bearing to the
centroid of rudder area
m  
Kt Location of Propeller
Symbol Formula Expression/ Definition Value Unit
S Nu 3Ö QR Ks mm  
QR Total rudder torque      
Ks Material factor for upper stock -  
QR CR r kN-m  
r c(a - Af/A) m  
CR Design Rudder force nKTAV2     kN  
V Vd for the ahead condition but is not to
taken as less than V
min
knots  
KT   -  
At sum of rudder blade area A and the rudder
post or rudder horn area within the
extension of the rudder profile
m2  
K (ny/Y)e -  
ny   N/mm2  
U minimum tensile strength of material used N/mm2
Minimum Required Lower Rudder Stock Diameter
Symbol Formula Expression/ Definition Value Unit  
S1 S 6Ö 1 + (4/ 3) (M/ QR)2 mm  
S upper stock required diameter mm
QR rudder torque kN-m  
M bending moment at the station of the
rudder stock
     
M CR ln kN-m  
CR rudder force kN  
ln distance from center of neck bearing to the
centroid of rudder area
m