|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
River Camel Phosphate
Budget Calculator v1.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Introduction
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Following the Dutch
Nitrogen Case which ruled that where a site is failing to achieve condition
due to pollution, the potential for a new development to add to the nutrient
load is "necessarily limited". Special Areas of Conservation (SAC)
sites are internationally important areas defined by the National Planning
Policy Framework (NPPF) and given special protection under the European
Union's Habitats Directive, which was transposed into UK law by the Habitats
and Conservation of Species Regulations 2010. This was updated by the
Conservation of Habitats and Species (Amendment)(EU Exit) Regulations 2019.
As such, Natural England's view is that any development proposal that adds
phosphate into the catchment of internationally important sites, such as the
River Camel SAC, is likely to have a significant effect. Proposed
developments likely to affect European Sites should be subject to Habitats
Regulations Assessment to assess the Likely Significant Affect on the SAC.
Application within the Camel catchment will have a Likely Effect and will
require an Appropriate Assessment (i.e. the phosphate calculator) to assess
the implications of the proposal on the designated site.
|
|
| |
|
This tool
is designed to quantify the phosphate loading of an area of land subject to a
change of land use and population, in order to identify is proposed
developments will be 'Phosphate neutral'. Where the proposed development will
create additional phosphate into the system, solutions in how to offset this
excess phosphate and achieve phosphate neutrality are presented.
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
This tool is only
necessary for proposed developments that have the potential to increase
phosphate loading to rivers that flow into the River Camel SAC. Developments
that are located outside of the hydrological catchment but will connect to a
Wastewater Treatment Works (WwTW) that drains to a river within the catchment
should not complete Stages 2 and 3. This could be the case at locations such
as Bodmin, Delabole and St Mabyn. Alternatively, where a site is located
within the hydrological catchment but drains to a WwTWs outside of the
catchment (i.e. Luxulyan and Wadebridge) then Stage 1 should be set so that
the occupancy rate is zero.
|
|
| |
|
The methodology
employed within this tool was, in part, guided by Natural England's advice on
nutrient neutrality in relation to the Stodmarsh designated sites, published
in November 2020.
|
|
| |
|
This tool
consists of seven main worksheets:
Stage 1 - Identifies the additional phosphate as a result of changes in the
population
Stage 2 - Calculates the phosphate load from current land use
Stage 3 - Calculates the phosphate load from future land uses
Stage 4 - Calculates the total change in phosphate loading as a result of
the proposed development
Stage 5 - Calculates the required solutions to achieve phosphate neutrality
under current wastewater permit limits
Stage 6 - Calculates the required solutions to achieve phosphate neutrality
under AMP7 wastewater permit limits
Stage 7 - Calculates the difference in mitigation solutions between current
wastewater permit limits and AMP7 permit limits
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
About
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
This Phosphate
budget calculator is designed to allow the user to:
- Calculate the phosphate budget for a proposed development, and if, in its
current form, the proposed development is phosphate neutral; and
- Assess the various mitigation options if the proposed development is not
phosphate neutral.
|
|
| |
|
The tool has been designed so that the user is
able to update the data and methods in light of any new research or
understanding
|
|
| |
|
The information
supplied in this tool is for guidance purposes only and is not intended to
provide an exact budget calculation due to the limitations and assumptions of
the model. The user is responsible for ensuring the accuracy and completeness
of all data entered, be it manually or automatically, and used by this tool.
The user is also responsible for any commercial decisions taken on any of the
outputs of this tool.
|
|
| |
|
Royal HaskoningDHV
will not be liable for any of the following arising from the use of this tool
(including from any negligence on the part of Royal HaskoningDHV):
(i) loss of anticipated profits or expected future business;
(ii) damage to reputation or goodwill;
(iii) damages, costs or expenses payable by the user to any third
party;
(iv) loss of any order or contract; or
(v) indirect or consequential loss of any kind.
|
|
| |
|
This Phosphate budget calculator has been
developed by Royal HaskoningDHV on behalf on Cornwall Council
|
|
| |
|
Phosphate budget calculator, v1.1 (Released
October 2021)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
General help
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Tool uses the following colour coding to
indicate the functionality to the user. These colours are:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The user needs to input a value here
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This contains fixed or calculated values and the
user does not need to input a value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Stage 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
This stage
calculates the change in phosphate loading as a result of changes in the
population of a site.
Step 1: The user should input the additional number of units that are
proposed by the development. This is then multiplied by the occupancy rate
per dwelling.
Step 2: The user has the option to select whether sewage from the proposed
development will be handled by Wastewater treatment works or by Package
treatment plants. The user must select one or the other, both options cannot
be used.
Step 2a: If the proposed development is to use Wastewater
Treatment Works (WwTW), then the user should select 'Yes' from the drop down box.
Following this, the user should select the WwTW that the development will
connect to. This will calculate the discharge limit from the selected WwTW,
which is assumed to be 90% of the Permit limit. This assumption is on the
basis that water companies operate with a sufficient head room of their
permit limits.
Step 2b: If the proposed development is to use
Package Treatment Plants (PTPs), then the user
should select 'Yes' from the drop down box. Following this, the user should
input the reduction efficiency of the package treatment plant. If the
efficiency is unknown then the user should input a precautionary efficiency
of 50%. Higher removal rates can be achieved through PTPs but these will
typically require additional phosphate reduction such as chemical dosing that
standard PTPs may not include.
|
|
| |
|
Stage 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
This stage calculates the Phosphate load from the current
land use.
Step 2: The user should input the area (hectares) of the current land uses
that make up the total area of the development site. A GIS viewer can be used
to identify the land uses on a coarse scale
(https://gridreferencefinder.com/). However, if more detail is known about
the site land uses then this should be manually inputted by the user.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Stage 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
This stage
calculates the phosphate load from the current land use.
Step 2: The user should input the proposed land uses that make up the total
area of the development site. Any pre-determined on-site mitigation should
also be inputted here.
Bespoke banking coefficients should be inputted for constructed wetland
that can be evidenced
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Stage 4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
This stage provides
a summary of the phosphate loads calculated in stages 1-3 and presents the
phosphate budget for the proposed development.
A 20% precautionary buffer is included to account for uncertainties in the
runoff coefficients used. The User has the option to change this buffer
should this be appropriate.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Stage 5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
This stage
calculates the area and land uses of the mitigation site required for the
proposed development to be phosphate neutral, under current WwTW permit
limits.
Step 4: The user has the option to select the amount of phosphate load to be
offset by the various land uses, which will then calculate the relevant area
of land (Hectares) that needs to be changed.
Step 5: The user has the option to input the required area of land
(hectares) to be mitigated until the project is phosphate neutral, which will
then calculate the equivalent phosphate load for each land use.
The banking coefficients for wetlands uses a value for guidance purposes
only. A site bespoke site-specific value will need to be calculated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Stage 6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
This stage
calculates the area and land uses of the mitigation site required for the
proposed development to be phosphate neutral, under AMP7 WwTW permit limits.
Step 4: The user has the option to select the amount of phosphate load to
be offset by the various land uses, which will then calculate the relevant
area of land (Hectares) that needs to be changed.
Step 5: The user has the option to input the required area of land
(hectares) to be mitigated until the project is phosphate neutral, which will
then calculate the equivalent phosphate load for each land use.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Stage 7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
This stage provides
a summary in the differences in mitigation land use area between the current
WwTW permit limits and the AMP7 WwTW permit limits
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Land Use Definitions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The land uses presented in this tool followed the
CORINE 2018 land use data. Definitions of key land uses are presented below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Land Use
|
Description
|
|
| |
|
Urban
|
Development which encompasses the built form,
gardens, pathing, roads, hardstanding's, parks and small areas of open space,
ponds and SuDS. The phosphate load results from sewer overflows and from
drainage that picks up phosphate on the urban land. Agricultural barns used
for storage of materials, farming supplies and temporary livestock can be
classified as Urban. However, barns used for a specific farming type (e.g.
piggeries and chicken farms) should be classified under the relevant farming
land use.
|
|
| |
|
Mineral
Workings and Quarries
|
An open or surface mineral working, usually for
the extraction of building stone, as slate, limestone, etc.
|
|
| |
|
Allotment and
City farms
|
Wholly or mainly cultivated for the production
of vegetable or fruit crops for consumption by the tenant or local community.
In some cases the land will also be used for ornamental plants and the
keeping of hens or bees.
|
|
| |
|
Sports and
Leisure facilities
|
Facilities used for recreational purposes such
as managed sports pitches, athletic fields, gymnasiums, swimming pools
etc.
|
|
| |
|
Transport
tracks and ways
|
Encompasses large infrastructure such as
motorways and significant rail infrastructure. Small scale roads and tracks
are covered under the Urban land use
|
|
| |
|
Transport
terminals
|
A large scale facility where passengers and
freight are assembled or dispersed
|
|
| |
|
Dairy
|
Holdings on which dairy cows account for more than two thirds of their
total standard output.
|
|
| |
|
Roots and
Combinable
|
Holdings on which both root crops (e.g. potato,
carrot, parsnip, beet, turnip) and combinable crops (crops harvested using a
combine harvester) (e.g. Wheat, Barley, Oilseed rape) are the dominant
farming type
|
|
| |
|
Mixed
Combinable
|
Holdings on which Winter Wheat, Winter Barley, Spring Barley and Winter
Oilseed rape dominate
|
|
| |
|
Winter
Combinable
|
Holdings on which Winter Wheat, Winter Barley and Winter Oilseed rape
dominate, with no Spring Barley grown.
|
|
| |
|
Cropping
|
Holdings on which arable crops (including field
scale vegetables) account for more than two thirds of the total standard
output, excluding holdings classified as cereals; holdings on which a mixture
of arable and horticultural crops account for more than two thirds of their
total SO excluding holdings classified as horticulture and holdings on which
arable crops account for more than one third of their total standard output
and no other grouping accounts for more than one third.
|
|
| |
|
Horticulture
|
Holdings on which fruit (including vineyards),
hardy nursery stock, glasshouse flowers and vegetables, market garden scale
vegetables, outdoor blubs and flowers and mushrooms account for more than two
thirds of their total standard output.
|
|
| |
|
Pig Farming
|
Holdings on which pigs account for more than two thirds of their total
standard output.
|
|
| |
|
Upland
Grazing
|
Holdings on which cattle, sheep and other
grazing livestock account for more than two thirds of their total standard
output except holdings classified as diary. A holding is classified as
lowland if more than 50% of its total area is in the Less Favoured Area
(LFA).
|
|
| |
|
Lowland grazing / Paddock
|
Holdings on which cattle, sheep and other
grazing livestock account for more than two thirds of their total standard
output except holdings classified as diary. A holding is classified as
lowland if less than 50% of its total area is in the Less Favoured Area
(LFA). A paddock is classified as a small enclosures used for grazing horses.
|
|
| |
|
Mixed livestock
|
Holdings for which none of the other categories
account for more than two thirds of total standard output. This category
includes mixed pigs and poultry farms as wells as farms with a mixture of
crops and livestock (which neither accounts for more than two thirds of
standard output.
|
|
| |
|
Poultry farming
|
Holdings on which poultry account for more than two thirds of their
total standard output.
|
|
| |
|
General Arable
|
Use this option if unsure of the breakdown of arable land.
|
|
| |
|
Improved grass
|
Land used for grazing (other than arable land)
where over one third of the sward comprises, singly or in a mixture,
ryegrass, cocksfoot or timothy, or land that has been improved by management
practices such as liming and top dressing, where there is not a significant
presence of sensitive plants species indicative of native unimproved
grassland.
|
|
| |
|
Unimproved grass
|
Land used for grazing or mowing which is not
normally treated with mineral fertiliser or lime and contains a significant
presence of sensitive plant species indicative of native unimproved
grassland.
|
|
| |
|
Open Space /
Greenfield
|
Greenfield areas that have not been in
agricultural use for at least 10 years and are not subject to unmanaged
recreational use.
|
|
| |
|
Woodland
|
Tree-covered areas which either arose naturally
or as a result of plantations. This includes conifer woodland, mixed
woodlands and broad-leaved woodlands etc.
|
|
| |
|
shrub /
heathland / bracken / bog
|
Land that contains extensive areas of either
shrubs, heath or bracken A bog refers to land that is a wetland area of muddy
ground that can accumulate peat.
|
|
| |
|
Freshwater
marsh
|
Non-tidal, non-forested marsh wetland that
contains fresh water, and is continuously or frequently flooded.
|
|
| |
|
Meadow / semi
natural grassland
|
A meadow is a field habitat vegetated by grass
and other non-woody plant that has an open character and is not grazed by
livestock
|
|
|
|
Wetland
|
Land use specific to constructed wetland only
and does not include ponds or SuDS.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Wastewater Permit Limits
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Current WwTW permit limits Vs AMP7 WwTW permit
limits
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Water
industry is looking to update and bring in new final effluent phosphate
consent which should come in before 2025, as part of the Water Industry
National Environment Programme (WINEP). The enhancements are required to meet
more onerous environmental permit requirements. Some WwTW in the catchment
already operate at a permit limit. However, following plans by South West
Water under AMP7, improvements will be made to Camelford and St Mabyn.
Further information regarding AMP7 permit limits can be found below. Where
sites do not have a permit limit, a default value of 5mg/l has been applied
based on the value applied by the Environment Agency routinely for modelling
purposes
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Wastewater Treatment
Works
|
Current permit
limit (mg/l)
|
AMP7 permit
limit (mg/l)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Camelford
|
1
|
0.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
St Breward
|
5
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Blisland
|
5
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Bodmin - Scarlett's
Well
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Bodmin - Nanstallon
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
St Teath
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Soil Drainage
Criteria
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
The drainage characteristics of soil
has a control over the dominant flow pathways for pollutant losses and as
such controls the loading of Phosphate into surface water bodies. Therefore
the runoff coefficients from various land uses are different in freely
draining soil compared to impermeable soil. For impermeable soil under Arable
land use, it is assumed that man made drainage systems would be in place,
whereas rough grazing and woodland areas would not be drained. For
free-draining soil, the majority of the flow would be to groundwater, and it
is assumed that drainage would not be required. The user should use the
Soilscapes tool (Cranfield soil and Agrifood institute, 2020) to determine
the dominant soil type on their site. Soilscapes can be found at
http://www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes/index.cfm
|
|
| |
|
The following table
is used to identify the dominant drainage type of the proposed development
from the soil type identified above. The drainage type should then inform
Stage 2 of the calculator
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Free draining
|
Impermeable
|
|
|
|
Colour
|
ID
|
Name
|
Colour
|
ID
|
Name
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
Shallow lime-rich soils over chalk or limestone
|
|
1
|
Saltmarsh soils
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
Sand dune soils
|
|
2
|
Shallow very acid
peaty soils over rock
|
|
| |
|
|
5
|
Freely draining lime-rich loamy soils
|
|
8
|
Slightly acid loamy
and clayey soils with impeded drainage
|
|
| |
|
|
6
|
Freely draining slightly acid loamy soils
|
|
9
|
Lime-rich loamy and
clayey soils with impeded drainage
|
|
|
|
|
7
|
Freely draining slightly acid but base-rich soils
|
|
15
|
Naturally wet very acid sandy and loamy soils
|
|
| |
|
|
10
|
Freely draining slightly acid sandy soils
|
|
16
|
Very acid loamy
upland soils with a wet peaty surface
|
|
|
|
|
11
|
Freely draining sandy Breckland soils
|
|
17
|
Slowly permeable
seasonally wet acid loamy and clayey soils
|
|
|
|
|
12
|
Freely draining floodplain soils
|
|
18
|
Slowly permeable
seasonally wet slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soils
|
|
|
|
|
13
|
Freely draining acid loamy soils over rock
|
|
19
|
Slowly permeable wet
very acid upland soils with a peaty surface
|
|
|
|
|
14
|
Freely draining very acid sandy and loamy soils
|
|
20
|
Loamy and clayey
floodplain soils with naturally high groundwater
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21
|
Loamy and clayey
soils of coastal flats with naturally high groundwater
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22
|
Loamy soils with
naturally high groundwater
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23
|
Loamy and sandy soils
with naturally high groundwater and a peaty surface
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24
|
Restored soils
mostly from quarry and opencast spoil
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25
|
Blanket bog peat
soils
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26
|
Raised bog peat soils
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27
|
Fen peat soils
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
HaskoningDHV UK Ltd.,
a company of Royal
HaskoningDHV
Stratus House, Emperor Way, Exeter, Devon EX1 3QS
Registered Office: Westpoint, Lynch Wood Business Park,
Peterborough PE2 6FZ
Registered in England 1336844
W: www.royalhaskoningdhv.com
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|