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River Camel Phosphate
Budget Calculator V2.2.3
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Introduction
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Following the
Dutch Nitrogen Case which ruled that where a site is failing to achieve
condition due to pollution, the potential for a new development to add to the
nutrient load is "necessarily limited". Special Areas of
Conservation (SAC) sites are internationally important areas defined by the
National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and given special protection under
the European Union's Habitats Directive, which was transposed into UK law by
the Habitats and Conservation of Species Regulations 2010. This was updated
by the Conservation of Habitats and Species (Amendment)(EU Exit) Regulations
2019. As such, Natural England's view is that any development proposal that
adds phosphate into the catchment of internationally important sites, such as
the River Camel SAC, is likely to have a significant effect. Proposed
developments likely to affect European Sites should be subject to Habitats
Regulations Assessment to assess the Likely Significant Affect on the SAC.
Application within the Camel catchment will have a Likely Effect and will
require an Appropriate Assessment (i.e. the phosphate calculator) to assess
the implications of the proposal on the designated site.
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This
tool is designed to quantify the nutrient loading of an area of land subject
to a change of land use and population, in order to identify is proposed
developments will be 'nutrient neutral'. Where the proposed development will
generate additional nutrients into the system, solutions in how to offset the
excess nutrients and achieve neutrality are presented.
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This tool is only
necessary for proposed developments that have the potential to increase
nutrient loading to rivers that flow into the River Camel SAC. Developments
that are located outside of the hydrological catchment but will connect to a
Wastewater Treatment Works (WwTW) that drains to a river within the catchment
should not complete Stages 2 and 3. Alternatively, where a site is located
within the hydrological catchment but drains to a WwTWs outside of the
catchment then the development can be
screened out of the appropriate assessment but the use of SuDs should still
be considered on site.
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The methodology
employed within this tool was, in part, guided by Natural England's advice on
nutrient neutrality in relation to the Stodmarsh designated sites (published
in November 2020) and the Natural England provided calculator (published
March 2022).
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This
tool consists of seven main worksheets:
Stage 1 - Identifies the additional nutrients as a result of changes in the
population
Stage 2 - Calculates the nutrient load from current land use
Stage 3 - Calculates the nutrient load from future land uses
Stage 4 - Calculates the total change in nutrient loading as a result of
the proposed development
Mitigation - current - Calculates the required solutions to achieve
nutrient neutrality under current wastewater permit limits
Mitigation - post 2025 - Calculates the required solutions to achieve
nutrient neutrality under AMP7 wastewater permit limits
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About
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This nutrient
budget calculator is designed to allow the user to:
- Calculate the nutrient budget for a proposed development, and if, in its
current form, the proposed development is nutrient neutral; and
- Assess the various mitigation options if the proposed development is not
nutrient neutral.
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The tool has been designed so that the user is
able to update the data and methods in light of any new research or
understanding
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The information
supplied in this tool is for guidance purposes only and is not intended to
provide an exact budget calculation due to the limitations and assumptions of
the model. The user is responsible for ensuring the accuracy and completeness
of all data entered, be it manually or automatically, and used by this tool.
The user is also responsible for any commercial decisions taken on any of the
outputs of this tool.
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Royal HaskoningDHV
will not be liable for any of the following arising from the use of this tool
(including from any negligence on the part of Royal HaskoningDHV):
(i) loss of anticipated profits or expected future business;
(ii) damage to reputation or goodwill;
(iii) damages, costs or expenses payable by the user to any third
party;
(iv) loss of any order or contract; or
(v) indirect or consequential loss of any kind.
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This nutrient budget calculator has been developed
by Royal HaskoningDHV on behalf of Cornwall Council.
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Nutrient budget calculator, v2.2.3 (Released
January 2023)
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General help
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The Tool uses the following colour coding to
indicate the functionality to the user. These colours are:
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The user needs to input a value here
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This contains fixed or calculated values and the
user does not need to input a value
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Stage 1
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This stage
calculates the change in nutrient loading as a result of changes in the
population of a site.
Step 1: The user should input the additional number of units that are
proposed by the development. This is then multiplied by the occupancy rate
per dwelling.
Step 2: The user has the option to select whether sewage from the proposed
development will be handled by Wastewater treatment works or by Package
treatment plants. The user must select one or the other, both options cannot
be used.
Step 2a: If the proposed development is to use Wastewater
Treatment Works (WwTW), then the user should select 'Yes' from the drop down box.
Following this, the user should select the WwTW that the development will
connect to. This will select the discharge concentration from the chosen
WwTW.
Step 2b: If the proposed development is to use
Onsite treatment plants, then the user should
select 'Yes' from the drop down box. Following this, the user should input
the final effluent quality of the onsite treatment plant. If the efficiency
is unknown then the user should input a precautionary default values. Higher
removal rates can be achieved through PTPs but these will typically require
additional phosphorus reduction methods that standard PTPs may not
include.
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Stage 2
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This stage calculates the nutrient load from the current
land use.
Step 2: The user should input the area (hectares) of the current land uses
that make up the total area of the development site. A GIS viewer can be used
to identify the land uses on a coarse scale (https://gridreferencefinder.com/). However, if more detail is known about the site land uses
then this should be manually inputted by the user.
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Stage 3
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This stage
calculates the nutrient load from the current land use.
Step 2: The user should input the proposed land uses that make up the total
area of the development site. Any pre-determined on-site mitigation should
also be inputted here.
Bespoke banking coefficients should be inputted for constructed wetland
that can be evidenced
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Stage 4
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This stage
provides a summary of the nutrient loads calculated in stages 1-3 and
presents the nutrient budget for the proposed development.
A 10% precautionary buffer is included to account for uncertainties in the
runoff coefficients used. The User has the option to change this buffer
should this be appropriate.
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Mitigation - current
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This stage
calculates the area and land uses of the mitigation site required for the
proposed development to be nutrient neutral, under current WwTW permit
limits.
Step 4: The user has the option to select the amount of nutrient load to be
offset by the various land uses, which will then calculate the relevant area
of land (Hectares) that needs to be changed.
Step 5: The user has the option to input the required area of land
(hectares) to be mitigated until the project is nutrient neutral, which will
then calculate the equivalent nutrient load for each land use.
The banking coefficients for wetlands uses a value for guidance purposes
only. A site bespoke site-specific value will need to be calculated
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Mitigation - post 2025
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This stage
calculates the area and land uses of the mitigation site required for the
proposed development to be nutrient neutral, under post-2025 WwTW permit
limits.
Step 4: The user has the option to select the amount of nutrient load to be
offset by the various land uses, which will then calculate the relevant area
of land (Hectares) that needs to be changed.
Step 5: The user has the option to input the required area of land
(hectares) to be mitigated until the project is nutrient neutral, which will
then calculate the equivalent nutrient load for each land use.
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Land Use Definitions
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The land uses presented in this tool followed the
CORINE 2018 land use data. Definitions of key land uses are presented below:
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Land Use
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Description
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High density urban
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Areas
of houses and associated infrastructure. This is inclusive of roads,
driveways, grass verges and gardens.
High density often applies to urban cores. High density residential
developments will typically have greater than 50 units per hectare.
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Medium
density urban
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Medium density residential would apply to
larger towns whereby there is a high percentage of development but situated
outside of core cities. Medium density residential developments will
typically have between 25 -50 units per hectare.
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Low density
urban
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Rural communities are classed under low density
residential land. Low density residential developments will typically have
less than 25 units per hectare.
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Commercial /
industrial
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Land used for commercial establishments (the
primary purpose of buying, selling or trading of merchandise or services
including, without limitation, shopping malls, office complexes, restaurants,
hotels, motels, grocery stores, automobile service stations, petroleum
distribution operations, dry cleaning operations, municipal yards,
warehouses, law courts, museums, churches, golf courses, government offices,
air and sea terminals, bus and railway stations, and storage associated with
these uses) , manufacturing plants, public utilities, mining, distribution of
goods or services, administration of business activities, research and
development facilities, warehousing, shipping, transporting, remanufacturing,
stockpiling of raw materials, storage, repair and maintenance of commercial
machinery or equipment, and waste management.
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Urban open
space
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Area of land in urban areas used for various
purposes, e.g. leisure and recreation - may include open land, e.g. sports
fields, playgrounds, public squares or built facilities such as sports
centres.
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Allotment and
City farms
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Wholly
or mainly cultivated for the production of vegetable or fruit crops for
consumption by the tenant or local community. In some cases the land will
also be used for ornamental plants and the keeping of hens or bees.
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Dairy
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Holdings on which dairy
cows account for more than two thirds of their total standard output.
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Cereals
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Agricultural
areas on which cereals, combinable crops and set aside are farmed.
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Horticulture
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Holdings
on which fruit (including vineyards), hardy nursery stock, glasshouse flowers
and vegetables, market garden scale vegetables, outdoor blubs and flowers and
mushrooms account for more than two thirds of their total standard output.
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Pig Farming
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Holdings on which pigs
account for more than two thirds of their total standard output.
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LFA
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Holdings
on which cattle, sheep and other grazing livestock account for more than two
thirds of their total standard output except holdings classified as diary. A
holding is classified as LFA if more than 50% of its total area is in the
Less Favoured Area (LFA).
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Lowland grazing
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Holdings
on which cattle, sheep and other grazing livestock account for more than two
thirds of their total standard output except holdings classified as diary. A
holding is classified as lowland if less than 50% of its total area is in the
Less Favoured Area (LFA). A paddock is classified as a small enclosures used
for grazing horses.
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Mixed
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Holdings
for which none of the other categories account for more than two thirds of
total standard output.
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Poultry farming
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Holdings on which poultry
account for more than two thirds of their total standard output.
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General Arable
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Agricultural
areas on which arable crops (including field scale vegetables) are farmed.
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Greenspace
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Natural
and semi-natural outdoor spaces provided for recreational use where
fertilisers will not be applied and dog waste is managed, e.g. semi-natural
parks. This does not include green infrastructure within the built urban
environment as this is included in the urban categories.
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Woodland
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Tree-covered
areas which either arose naturally or as a result of plantations. This
includes conifer woodland, mixed woodlands and broad-leaved woodlands etc.
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shrub /
heathland / bracken / bog
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Land
that contains extensive areas of either shrubs, heath or bracken. A bog
refers to land that is a wetland area of muddy ground that can accumulate
peat.
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Water
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Areas of surface water, including rivers, ponds
and lakes.
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Meadow / semi
natural grassland
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A
meadow is a field habitat vegetated by grass and other non-woody plant that
has an open character and is not grazed by livestock
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Wetland
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Land
use specific to constructed wetland only and does not include ponds or SuDS.
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Wastewater Permit Limits
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Current WwTW permit limits Vs post-2025 WwTW permit
limits Vs post-2030 permit limits
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The
Water industry is looking to update and bring in new final effluent Total
phosphorus consent which should come in before 2025, as part of the Water
Industry National Environment Programme (WINEP). The enhancements are
required to meet more onerous environmental permit requirements. Some WwTW in
the catchment already operate at a permit limit. However, following plans by
Anglian Water under AMP7, improvements will be made to some WwTWs. Further
information regarding post-2025 permit limits can be found below. Where sites
do not have a permit limit, a default value of 5mg/l has been applied based
on the value applied by the Environment Agency routinely for modelling
purposes. The Government has table an amendment to the Levelling Up and
Regeneration Bill (LURB) that will place a new statutory duty on water and
sewerage companies to upgrade wastewater treatment works to the highest
technically achievable limits (i.e. 0.25 mg/l) by 2030 in nutrient neutrality
areas. This applies to treatment works with a population of greater than
2000. However, Defra are still reviewing treatment on a case by case basis to
understand whether treatment works with a population less than 200 could
still be manadated to achieve TAL. Post 2030 permit limits will be incorporated
into the calculated once the bill is passed.
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Wastewater Treatment
Works
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Current TP
permit limit (mg/l)
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Post-2025 TP
permit limit (mg/l)
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Post-2030 TP
permit limit (mg/l)
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Blisland
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5
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5
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5
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Bodmin -
Nanstallon
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1
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1
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0.25
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Bodmin -
Scarlett's Well
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1
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1
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0.25
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Camelford
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1
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0.8
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0.25
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Delabole
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1
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1
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1
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Helstone
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5
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5
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5
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St Breward
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5
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5
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5
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St Mabyn
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5
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2
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2
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St Teath
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5
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5
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5
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Soil
Drainage Criteria
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The drainage characteristics of soil
has a control over the dominant flow pathways for pollutant losses and as
such controls the loading of Phosphorus into surface water bodies. Therefore
the runoff coefficients from various land uses are different in freely
draining soil compared to impermeable soil. For impermeable soil under Arable
land use, it is assumed that man made drainage systems would be in place,
whereas rough grazing and woodland areas would not be drained. For
free-draining soil, the majority of the flow would be to groundwater, and it
is assumed that drainage would not be required. The user should use the
Soilscapes tool (Cranfield soil and Agrifood institute, 2020) to determine
the dominant soil type on their site. Soilscapes can be found at http://www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes/index.cfm
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The following
table is used to identify the dominant drainage type of the proposed
development from the soil type identified above. The drainage type should
then inform Stage 2 of the calculator
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Free draining
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Impermeable
- drained for arable
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Impermeable - drained
for arable & grassland
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Colour
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ID
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Name
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Colour
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ID
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Name
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colour
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ID
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Name
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3
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Shallow lime-rich soils over chalk or limestone
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1
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Saltmarsh soils
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17
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Slowly permeable seasonally wet
acid loamy and clayey soils
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4
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Sand dune soils
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2
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Shallow very acid peaty soils over rock
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18
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Slowly permeable seasonally wet
slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soils
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5
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Freely draining lime-rich loamy soils
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8
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Slightly acid loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage
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19
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Slowly permeable wet very acid
upland soils with a peaty surface
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6
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Freely draining slightly acid loamy soils
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9
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Lime-rich loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage
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7
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Freely draining slightly acid but base-rich soils
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15
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Naturally wet
very acid sandy and loamy soils
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10
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Freely draining slightly acid sandy soils
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16
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Very acid loamy upland soils with a wet peaty surface
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11
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Freely draining sandy Breckland soils
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20
|
Loamy and clayey floodplain soils with naturally high
groundwater
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12
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Freely draining floodplain soils
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21
|
Loamy and clayey soils of coastal flats with naturally high
groundwater
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13
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Freely draining acid loamy soils over rock
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22
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Loamy soils with naturally high groundwater
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14
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Freely draining very acid sandy and loamy soils
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23
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Loamy and sandy soils with naturally high groundwater and a
peaty surface
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24
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Restored soils mostly from quarry and opencast spoil
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25
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Blanket bog peat soils
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26
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Raised bog peat soils
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27
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Fen peat soils
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